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Pure Appl. Chem. 75(1), 47-62, 2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Vol. 75, Issue 1

Application of cascade processes toward heterocyclic synthesis

A. Padwa

Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Abstract: The reactions of N-acyliminium ions with tethered p-bonds are among the most important methods for preparing complex nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Pummerer-based cyclizations are also finding widespread application in both carbo- and heterocyclic syntheses. As part of a program concerned with new methods for alkaloid synthesis, we became interested in using a linked Pummerer/N-acyliminium ion cyclization sequence since we felt that this combination offers unique opportunities for the assemblage of complex target molecules. A synthetic method that combines transformations of different reaction types significantly broadens the scope of such procedures in synthetic chemistry. a-Thiocarbocations generated from the Pummerer reaction of b-phenylsulfinylmethyl-a,b-unsaturated amides can be intercepted by the adjacent amido group to produce transient amino- substituted furans, which undergo subsequent Diels-Alder cycloadditions. Using this domino amido-Pummerer/Diels-Alder cascade, we were able to assemble novel polycyclic systems in a single operation. The key step in the process involves the generation of a reactive N-acyliminium ion by fragmentation of an amino-substituted [4+2] cycloadduct. The successful synthesis of a number of alkaloids by this sequence of reactions reveals the usefulness and importance of this unique domino cascade.

*Lecture presented at the 14th International Conference on Organic Synthesis (ICOS-14), Christchurch, New Zealand, 14-18 July 2002. Other presentations are published in this issue, pp. 1-70.


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