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Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 68, No. 9, pp. 1791-1799 (1996)
Toxicology of Environmentally
Persistent Chlorinated Organic Compounds
Annika Hanberg
(Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210,
S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden)
The chlorinated organic compounds comprise
a large group of compounds with a complex diversity of biologic effects
and mechanisms of action. Based on the persistence and high toxicity
of dioxins, PCBs, and DDT, this chapter focuses primarily on the toxicology
of these organochlorine compounds. Not even these groups of compounds
can be regarded as homogenous since the individual congeners show diverse
environmental fates and toxicities. In this chapter, we will consider
primarily the critical effects suspected to occur at human exposure
at background levels, i.e. cancer, and effects on reproduction, neurobehaviour
and the immune system. In recent years, interactions between these compounds
and hormonal systems have received increasing attention. They have also
been shown to be particularly toxic to the developing embryo, fetus
and infant. In order to conduct accurate risk assessment, there is a
need for further mechanistical data, and additional epidemiological
studies, especially with regard to effects on reproductive, neurobehavioural
and immune systems. The data presently available suggest that such effects
already occur in the human population and thus, in order to reduce the
exposure to these compounds, further release into the environment should
be prevented.
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